The process of ICZM

The ICZM process has to deal with complex phenomena, complicated socio-economic and institutional settings, conflicting interests, and many different actors. Long-term solutions are to be identified and implemented within a dynamic and rapidly changing society, subject to a high degree of uncertainty. From various experiences, the primary challenge has been identified as one of governance, rather than knowledge or technology. The principal limiting factors are the institutional capacity to actually apply ICZM and make it operational, and the building and sustenance of constituencies to support ICZM, both within and outside the government.