1. Project initiator
Pesisir Tropicana
is a fictive region in a fictive developing country. Improvements in the economic
structure are therefore of prime priority. So the project initiator is responsible
for the economic structure of the Pesisir Tropicana region.
This is normally the responsibility of public authorities at various levels:
municipality, provinces, state.
As indicated at
the start of the exercise, a loan of the World Bank is available for improving
the (economic) conditions. So, also (a representative of) the World Bank could
be the project initiator. In other words, there is a wide range of (combinations
of) project initiators possible.
For this exercise,
we assume that a combination of "Regional Authorities" have the task to improve
the economic structure of the region.
[Questions phase 1]
2. Aspects
Among others, the
following aspects are of relevance:
- Fish and fisheries
- Wildlife
- Natural vegetation
- Agriculture
- Animal husbandry
- Climate
- Hydrology
- Soils
- Population
- Energy
- Tourism
- Industry
- Services
[Questions phase 1]
3. Future developments
Possibilities for
future developments are, amongst others:
- Urban expansion.
The population will grow. These people need to be given proper shelter and
sanitary facilities in new urban areas, which can be located either in the
existing urban area or in a new residential area along the beach;
- A new port.
This is a requirement for industrial expansion: to increase the export of
cassiterite (tin-ore) from the tin mines along the Kali Migraine (currently
the cassiterite is exported through the small commercial harbour of Portharbor).
This will create a lot of jobs and opportunities, but will also have a negative
impact on the environment;
- Industrial
expansion, which especially refers to expanding tin-mining. A lot of jobs
will be created, but also a lot of extra pollution (heavy metals) will be
introduced. To limit this., tailing treatment plants are needed;
- Tourist
facilities, as to stimulate the regional economy and to boost foreign
exchange earnings. Energy and water supply will have to be introduced, but
also new hotels. Possibilities are near Cape Rock and Hilly Villy. However,
also some pollution will be introduced;
- Development
of aquaculture, as to improve local employment and food production.
Aquaculture will have high financial output, but only a limited number of
jobs will be generated;
- Agricultural
development, through:
- reclamation
of part of Bay Teluk through inpoldering. Disadvantage is that the mangrove
would disappear;
- double cropping,
on the condition that a dam will be built in the Rio Pusing, and that the
water irrigation) can be used exclusively for irrigation. In addition, the
irrigation system network needs to be improved;
An intensified agriculture will also lead to an increased pollution;
- Creation of
a national marine reserve in Bay Teluk, as to protect the coral reefs
from the negative effects of increased economic activities (industrial, agricultural,
aquacultural, and urban development), as well as to promote eco-tourism. However,
it will demand for limited growth of all other activities up to a certain
extent;
- Waste water
treatment plants, as to reduce pollution (E-coli, heavy metals) in Bay
Teluk (it is difficult to control phosphates, as these originate from diffuse
agricultural sources);
- Flood control,
like dike improvements.
- Higher wages
for local government employees, as to combat corruption;
- More police
to decrease the criminality rates.
[Questions phase 1]
4. Physical boundaries
In this exercise
it is rather straightforward to take the Pesisir Tropicana area as indicated
on the map.
[Questions phase 1]
5. Disciplines
The following disciplines
are of relevance for the analysis:
- economy;
- ecology;
- sociology;
- agriculture;
- civil engineering;
[Questions phase 1]
6. Possible stakeholders
Possible stakeholders
are (representatives of) those who have interest in the proposed developments.
In principal, interest groups originate from:
- public service:
three levels of public authority are possible (national, provincial, rural/municipal);
- NGO's (non-governmental
organizations: unions, associations, pressure groups, etc.);
- private companies.
For the exercise,
we have identified the following stakeholders:
- Pesisir Tropicana
Fisheries Associations (NGO)
- Farmers Association
(NGO);
- Cassiterite
Dredging Company (tin industry);
- Municipality
of Portharbor (public authority);
- Province of
Pesisir Tropicana (public authority);
- Ministry of
Economic Affairs (public authority);
- Ministry of
Planning (public authority);
- Pesisir Tropicana
Rural Council (NGO);
- Portharbor
Port Authority (private organization);
- Tropical Shrimp,
Inc. (aquacultural industry)
- Friends of
Bay Teluk (NGO)
- Labour Union
(NGO)
[Questions phase 1]
7. Decision maker(s)
The project initiator
should indicate who should make the decision:
- project initiator;
- (selection
of) stakeholders
- combination.
In this exercise we
assume that the stakeholders will make a decision, based on the information you
will provide as project analyst.
[Questions phase 1]
8. Indicators
Possible indicators
(units in between brackets) are:
- number of jobs
(-);
- income per
head (Ulc);
- employment
rate (%)
- water quality
parameters
- phosphate
content
- air content
- E-coli content
- algae concentration;
- area of mangrove
(ha)
- tin production
(in tonnes or in MUlc)
- rice production
(tonnes per ha)
- number of cattle
(-)
- number of tourists
(-)
- number of hotels
(-)
- fish (tonnes
per annum; Ulc per ton)
- etc. etc.
Actually, before the
indicators (and the zero situation) can be defined, there should be an idea about
the desired situation. For instance, is employment the main objective of the project,
or environmental aspects?
For this exercise,
we restrict the investment possibilities to the following sectors:
- Tin mining
- Agriculture
- Fisheries
- Residential
development
- Creation of
a national marine reserve through investments in water treatment plants
The indicators needed
are (units are indicated in between brackets):
- Income (MUlc)
- Income per
head (Ulc)
- Number of jobs
(-)
- Employment
rate (%)
- Ecoli
- Heavy metals
- Phosphates
- Mangrove area
(ha)
[Questions phase 1]
9. Zero situation
| Sector |
Economic
value per year
(in MUlc) |
Number
of jobs |
Remarks |
| Tin-mining |
100 |
15,000 |
No on site treatment of
cassiterite |
| Agriculture |
55 |
60,000 |
|
| Fishing |
30 |
30,000 |
6000 boats |
| Aquaculture |
- |
- |
|
| Tourism |
15 |
7,500 |
|
| Other |
100 |
56,000 |
|
- Inhabitants
Portharbor: 300,000
- Inhabitants
Pesisir Tropicana region: 300,000
- Availability
skilled labour: 40% of the estimated growth rate
- Water treatment
Portharbor: 60% of household waste water is treated, 40% is discharged directly
into Bay Teluk
- Water quality
Rio Pusing
- Water quality
Kali Migraine
- Water quality
Bay Teluk
[Questions phase 1]
10. Desired situation
In this stage,
the desired situation for Pesisir Tropicana can only be described in vague terms.
Undoubtedly, the general aim of the possible investment of 800 MUlc is to improve
the socio-economic and ecological situation as optimally as possible:
- improve water
quality to international standards
- increase employment
rate
- increase income
per head
- increase agricultural
output
- increase area
of mangroves in Bay Teluk
[Questions phase 1] [Questions
phase 2]
