Enterprises

Industrial (both State and Joint Stock) Enterprises have to deal with environmental issues due to Federal legislation. One of the few laws having a direct impact in contemporary Russia is the Law on Ecological Expertise (1995). This Law gives the legislative prerequisites for transition from the elimination of the negative impacts of the economic activities towards the prevention of such impacts at the earlier steps during the decision-making process.

Consequently, industrial enterprises should provide an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) before developing any large project. If the project deals with the coastline, matters related to ICZM are of utmost importance in the course of EIA procedures. Main issues in the EIA procedure are :

• environmental characteristics and quality,
• areas of high biological productivity,
• commercially valuable species,
• species included into the Red Data Books,
• seasonal restrictions on activity based on the biological characteristics,
• protected areas,
• social economic characteristics of the area,
• alternatives of the coastal zone development.