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«DECISION-MAKING ISSUES» NATIONAL PARKS FINANCING IN 2001: SUMMARY
In 2001, the Russian national parks budget for 2001 (excluding Losiny Ostrov*)
came to 227,981,000 rubles* (versus 176,156,000
rubles in 2000). The structure of the sources of financing is shown in Table
1.
Table 1. Sources of financing for Russian national parks in
2001 and 2000
|
Sources of Financing
|
2001
|
2000
|
Change in Share of Financing Source,
%
|
Growth
of Financing Source,
%
|
|
Sum, thousand rubles
|
Budget
Share,
%
|
Sum, thousand rubles
|
Budget
Share,
%
|
|
Federal Budget, including State Ecology Fund
|
96 940
|
42,5
|
71 556
|
40,6
|
+ 1,9
|
+ 35
|
|
Regional and local budgets and non-budgetary funds
|
24 641
|
10,8
|
18 343
|
10,4
|
+ 0,4
|
+ 34
|
|
Foreign grants
|
15 199
|
6,7
|
12 777
|
7,3
|
- 0,6
|
+ 19
|
|
National Parks’ own earnings
|
88 136
|
38,7
|
72 494
|
41,2
|
- 2,5
|
+ 22
|
|
Russian sponsors
|
3 065
|
1,3
|
986
|
0,6
|
+ 0,7
|
+ 211
|
|
TOTAL
|
227 981
|
100
|
176 156
|
100
|
|
|
In 2001, all the national parks combined (including Losiny Ostrov) earned
90,436,000 rubles (versus 73,286,000 rubles in 2000), 39% of the money (versus
47% in 2000) came from woodcutting and the sale of timber and wood products.
The national parks’ earnings are itemized in Table 2.
Table 2. Earning of national parks (including Losiny Ostrov)
in 2001 (as compared to NP earnings in 2000)
Item of Income |
Sum,
thousand rubles
| |
Visitor services and related activities
| 26,5 (19,8) | |
Rent for land sections
| 6,1 (5,7) | |
Woodcuttings, sale of timber and wood products
| 35,4 (33,9) | |
Other legal activities using park land and resources (including transit
fees)
| 12,5 (9,7) | |
Penalties and fines, sale of confiscated items
| 2,9 (2,6) | |
Other activities
| 7,0 (1,6) | |
TOTAL
| 90,4 (73,3) |
In 2001, 14 national parks (versus 20 in 2000) received 15,200,000 rubles
(versus 12,800,000 rubles in 2000) in foreign grants, mainly from the Global
Environment Facility (48% of all the grants) and the TACIS Program (25%).
Some 3,065,000 rubles (versus 986,000 rubles in 2000) came from Russian sponsors.
Russian sponsors’ funds are itemized in Table 3.
Table 3. Russian sponsors’ funds in 2001
|
Organizations
|
Sum,
thousand rubles
| |
Industrial organizations
| 279 | |
Banks
| 1 | |
Trade firms
| 286 | |
Public organizations
| 2305 | |
Individuals
| 140 | |
Other organizations
| 54 | |
TOTAL
| 3065 |
The average annual budget for a Russian national park in 2001 was 6,675,000
rubles. The national parks with the largest and smallest budgets are listed
in Table 4.
Table 4. National parks with the largest and smallest budgets
in 2001
|
NPs with the Largest Budgets
|
NPs with the Smallest Budgets
|
|
Name
|
Budget,
thousand rubles
|
Federal Funds Share,
%
|
Name
|
Budget,
thousand rubles
|
Federal Funds
Share,
%
|
|
Losiny Ostrov
|
42 668
|
0
|
Prielbrusye
|
1336
|
71
|
|
Sochinsky
|
29 499
|
13
|
Alania
|
1395
|
93
|
|
Kurshskaya Kosa
|
17 527
|
5
|
Chavash Varmane
|
2074
|
64
|
|
Orlovskoye Polesye
|
15 110
|
54
|
Russky Sever
|
2324
|
47
|
|
Samarskaya Luka
|
14 314
|
41
|
Smolny
|
2376
|
64
|
|
Kenozersky
|
12 244
|
54
|
Bashkiriya
|
2740
|
52
|
|
Pribaikalsky
|
10 716
|
62
|
Nechkinsky
|
2841
|
64
|
|
Sebezhsky
|
8 562
|
51
|
Meschersky
|
3059
|
50
|
|
Vodlozersky
|
8 420
|
70
|
Taganai
|
3171
|
62
|
|
Mariy-Chodra
|
7 981
|
33
|
Zabaikalsky
|
3389
|
78
|
Of the 35 national parks that functioned throughout 2001, 19 had budgets
below average (versus 21 in 2000).
Most national parks received money from regional and municipal budgets and
non-budgetary funds. The regions that provided most and least support to national
parks are listed in Table 5.
Table 5. Regions that provided the most and least support to
Russian national parks in 2001
(not counting the city of Moscow and the Republic of Tatarstan,
since Nizhnyaya Kama was not funded from the federal budget in 2001)
|
Regions that Provided the Most Support
| Regions that Provided the Least Support |
|
Region
|
Sum,
thousand rubles
|
Region
|
Sum,
thousand rubles
| |
Oryel Region
|
3575 |
Pskov Region
|
0 | |
Chelyabinsk Region
|
2355 |
Chuvash Republic
|
0 | |
Smolensk Region
|
2122 |
Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
|
56 | |
Aginsky Buryatsky Aut. Area
|
2030 |
Ryazan Region
|
82 | |
Samara Region
|
1481 |
Northern Osetia Rep.
|
86 | |
Yaroslavl Region
|
1461 |
Vologda Region
|
148 | |
Sverdlovsk Region
|
1418 |
Kaliningrad Region
|
160 | |
Republic of Buryatia
|
1028 |
Republic of Moldova
|
168 | |
Saratov Region
|
972 |
Kaluga Region
|
189 | |
Arkhangelsk Region
|
772 |
Krasnoyarsk Territory
|
200 |
All national parks earned money in 2001. The national parks that earned the
most are listed in Table 6.
Table 6. National parks with highest independent earnings for
2001
|
National Park
|
Earnings,
thousand rubles
|
Budget Share,
%
| |
Sochinsky
| 24 983 | 85 | |
Kurshskaya Kosa
| 16 241 | 93 | |
Samarskaya Luka
| 6 987 | 49 | |
Mariy-Chodra
| 5 023 | 63 | |
Nizhnyaya kama
| 4 704 | 67 | |
Sebezhsky
| 3 750 | 44 | |
Orlovskoye Polesye
| 3 338 | 22 | |
Pribaikalsky
| 3 187 | 30 | |
Khvalynsky
| 2 788 | 48 | |
Vodlozersky
| 2 372 | 28 |
In 2001, 14 national parks received foreign grants. The national parks with
the largest foreign grants are listed in Table 7.
Table 7. National parks that received the most in foreign grants in 2001
|
National Park
|
Foreign Grants,
thousand rubles
|
Budget Share,
%
|
|
Paanayarvi
|
3767
|
53
|
|
Kenozersky
|
3409
|
28
|
|
Ugra
|
2642
|
34
|
|
Shushensky Bor
|
2414
|
35
|
|
Russky Sever
|
626
|
27
|
|
Sebezhsky
|
483
|
6
|
|
Valdaisky
|
404
|
7
|
|
Tunkinsky
|
398
|
5
|
|
Smolenskoye Poozerye
|
397
|
6
|
|
Pribaikalsky
|
284
|
3
|
As compared to 2000, NP financing in 2001 can be characterized as follows:
- The federal budget’s contribution to national parks increased significantly
(by 35%). This is the first time in recent years that the share of federal
budget funds in the total NP budget increased (by 1.9%);
- Financing from regional and local budgets and non-budgetary funds also
increased significantly (by 34%), while the growth of the budget share
increased (by 0.4%);
- National Parks’ own earnings increased by 22%. However, the budget share
decreased somewhat (2.5%);
- Foreign grants increased by 19%. However, the budget share slightly
decreased (0.6%);
- A significant increase (by 211%) of funds allocated by Russian sponsors
and some growth of the budget share (0.7%).
V. B. Stepanitsky,
Manager of Federal Projects,
WWF
*Because Losiny Ostrov was under
the Moscow government in 2001, it was financed by the city budget (40,300,000
rubles); the park’s own earnings came to 2,300,000 rubles (versus 800,000 rubles
in 2000)
*Average weighted $ rate was 1 USD=29.15
rubles in 2001; 1 USD=27.6 rubles in 2000
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